The PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors market size is projected to be valued at US$ 49.5 billion in 2023 and is expected to reach a valuation of US$ 123.3 billion by 2033. The market is also expected to record a significant CAGR of 9.6% during the forecast period.
Significant Aspects Influencing the Market
Limiting Aspects of the Market
Regardless of the various factors influencing the growth of this market, several key issues must be addressed to facilitate future growth. The relatively high total costs of developing and using PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, as well as reimbursement policies, are limiting the market's growth.
| Attributes | Details |
|---|---|
| PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Market CAGR | 9.6 % |
| PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Market Valuation (2023) | US$ 49.5 billion |
| PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Market Valuation (2033) | US$ 123.3 billion |
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| Market Statistics | Details |
|---|---|
| H1,2021 (A) | 13.19% |
| H1,2022 Projected (P) | 10.71% |
| H1,2022 Outlook (O) | 9.61% |
| BPS Change: H1,2022 (O) - H1,2022 (P) | (-) 110 ↓ |
| BPS Change: H1,2022 (O) - H1,2021 (A) | (-) 349 ↓ |
According to Future Market Insights' analysis, the global PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors market dropped by 349 Basis Point Share (BPS) in H1-2022 as compared to H1- 2021. Whereas in comparison to H1-2022 projected value, the market during the H1-2022 outlook period showed a dip of 110 BPS.
The drop in the BPS values is associated with the reported resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 therapy among patients, with only a few estimated to present a positive outlook of treatment. Due to the need for developing predictive biomarkers, the industry noticed a decline in the linked BPS values with low frequencies of positive clinical outcomes. The FDA has approved 10 immune checkpoint inhibitors for the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway till 2018. The growth in FDA approvals for clinical therapy with PD1/PDL1 inhibitors is expected to provide the market landscape with a positive growth outlook for the forecast years. For instance, six anti-PD-1/PD-L1 mAbs (monoclonal antibodies) have received approval as of December 2020, with indications covering 19 different cancer types and two tissue-agnostic diseases.
Key developments in the market include the development of monoclonal antibodies for targeted therapeutic approaches. The market is subject to changes as per drug trial assessment and regulatory impositions, in accordance with the macro and industry standards.
Leading industry players are concentrating on the development and commercialization of novel PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors to treat a variety of cancers. The expansion in the market availability of PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapeutic is expected to drive the growth of the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors market.
The global PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors market is expected to expand due to an increase in cancer incidence. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, for example, are important Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) used as first-line treatments for a variety of cancers. Cancer was one of the leading causes of death worldwide in 2020, accounting for around ten million deaths, or nearly one in every six deaths, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Breast, lung, colon, rectum, and prostate are the most common cancers. As a result, there is a global increase in demand for PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors.
The Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) estimates that older individuals (those 65 and older) have an 11-fold increased risk of cancer compared to younger individuals. According to the United Nations, there are over 703 million people aged 65 and up, with that number expected to rise to 1.5 billion by 2050. According to the most recent United Nations DESA population division estimates and projections, one in every six people in the world is likely to be over the age of 65 by 2050, up from one in every eleven in 2019.
Considering this, FMI expects the global PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors market to record a CAGR of 9.6% through 2033.
Principal Consultant
The high cost of cancer immunotherapy and stringent regulatory scenario are the primary factors hampering the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors market over the forecast period.
Cancer treatment costs generate substantial economic issues for healthcare providers and patients because of the impact they have on patient safety, quality of care, and overall healthcare. The high cost of cancer therapy is anticipated to slow down the rate of treatment uptake, particularly in emerging nations. The regulatory requirements are expected to be strengthened as biologics move through clinical studies and into commercial production. Biologics must be rigorously verified and monitored against critical quality attributes (CQAs) throughout the manufacturing process, not just at the end like chemistry-based medications, due to the nature of biologics, which are created by live cells. This makes it more difficult for biologics to obtain regulatory approval, which restricts market expansion.
The dominance of the United States can be attributed primarily to the rising prevalence of several chronic diseases such as lung cancers, urothelial carcinomas, skin cancer, and diabetes in the United States, which necessitated efficient treatment.
According to the American Cancer Society's 2020 report, lung cancer is the second leading cause of death for both men and women, accounting for 135,720 deaths. According to the statistics, nearly 84% of all lung cancers in the United States are NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) and 13% are SCLC (small cell lung cancer), which is expected to continue in the coming years, resulting in an increasing demand for PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors in the country.
| Attributes | Details |
|---|---|
| United States Market Size (US$ million/billion) by End of Forecast Period (2033) | US$ 23.4 billion |
| United States Market Absolute Dollar Growth (US$ million/billion) | US$ 2.9 billion |
| CAGR % 2018 to 2022 | 31.0% |
| CAGR % 2023 to End of Forecast (2033) | 8.4% |
Germany is expected to expand more rapidly than the rest of Europe, owing to several clinical trials being conducted in the industry.
Organizations such as the European Medicines Agency have increased their focus on PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for combination therapy and monotherapy use, intending to treat diseases in adults as well as in pediatric trials. The growing awareness of the low toxicity levels and compliance between PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and regional healthcare safety regulations can be attributed to the market's growth in Germany.
| Attributes | Details |
|---|---|
| Germany Market Size (US$ million/billion) by End of Forecast Period (2033) | US$ 3.8 billion |
| Germany Market Absolute Dollar Growth (US$ million/billion) | US$ 508.6 million |
| CAGR % 2018 to 2022 | 43.6% |
| CAGR % 2023 to End of Forecast (2033) | 10.4% |
Given its significant population base and significant private and public sector investment in healthcare infrastructure development, China is expected to expand at a relatively rapid rate during the forecast period. Also, the surge in cancer cases, combined with the growing interest in immune checkpoint inhibitors, is expected to drive market growth over the forecast period.
Besides, an increase in product launches and product innovations in oncology immunotherapy is expected to drive growth in China.
| Attributes | Details |
|---|---|
| China Market Size (US$ million/billion) by End of Forecast Period (2033) | US$ 1.8 billion |
| China Market Absolute Dollar Growth (US$ million/billion) | US$ 305.6 million |
| CAGR % 2018 to 2022 | 44.8% |
| CAGR % 2023 to End of Forecast (2033) | 14.0% |
The rising cancer incidence, increased government involvement in cancer diagnosis, the introduction of new immunotherapies with fewer side effects, and the increasing adoption of inorganic growth strategies such as collaborations, acquisitions, and mergers by key players in the market are the primary factors expected to drive the growth of the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors market in India during the forecast period.
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Pembrolizumab, out of all the products in the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors market, is expected to expand significantly due to increased adoption of the product over the other products.
Pembrolizumab's increased use is due to its proven efficacy in treating various FDA-approved indications such as head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), melanoma, and others since its approval in 2014. This is boosting the segment's growth over the forecast period. Significant investments in the development of this product by key players are driving segment sales over the forecast period.
The growth of the hospital pharmacy segment is due to massive orders, robust supply chains, and hospital facilities' efforts to maintain large-scale inventories for cancer therapy applications. Also, the presence of advanced equipment and the availability of well-developed infrastructure contribute to the segment's growth. Besides, as more patients are admitted to hospitals for cancer treatment, the use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in hospitals is increasing, thus boosting sales in hospital pharmacies.
NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) accounts for around 80% to 85% of all cases of lung cancer worldwide, and this significant share has encouraged several key players to focus on continuous innovation of advanced therapeutics and improving the efficacy of existing therapeutics. Growing NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) diagnoses and rising awareness in developing and developed markets are driving the growth of the non-small cell lung cancer segment.
The global adoption of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors has prompted companies to invest in the development of products in the PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy segment for cancer treatment. Merck & Co., Inc. has been a pioneer in this field and a significant competitor in this market due to its diverse product portfolio and intense market penetration.
Recent Developments
| Attribute | Details |
|---|---|
| Forecast Period | 2023 to 2033 |
| Historical Data Available for | 2018 to 2022 |
| Market Analysis | US$ million for Value |
| Key Countries Covered | United States, Canada, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Spain, Russia, China, Japan, South Korea, India, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia, New Zealand, GCC Countries, Türkiye, Northern Africa, and South Africa |
| Key Segments Covered | Product, Indication, Distribution Channel, Region |
| Key Companies Profiled | Akeso Inc.; Alphamab Oncology; Amgen Inc.; AstraZeneca Plc; BeiGene Ltd.; Bristol Myers Squibb Co.; Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd.; Eli Lilly and Co.; F. Hoffmann La Roche Ltd.; Gilead Sciences Inc.; GlaxoSmithKline Plc; Innovent Biologics Inc.; Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd.; o Merck and Co. Inc. |
| Report Coverage | Market Forecast, Company Share Analysis, Competition Intelligence, DROT Analysis, Market Dynamics and Challenges, and Strategic Growth Initiatives |
| Customization & Pricing | Available upon Request |
The market is valued at US$ 49.5 billion in 2023.
The market is anticipated to record a CAGR of 9.6%.
Germany is expected to account for 26.7% of the market in 2023.
The market is estimated to reach US$ 123.3 billion.
The United States is projected to expand at a CAGR of 8.4% over the forecast period.
1. Executive Summary | PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Market
1.1. Global Market Outlook
1.2. Demand-side Trends
1.3. Supply-side Trends
1.4. Technology Roadmap Analysis
1.5. Analysis and Recommendations
2. Market Overview
2.1. Market Coverage / Taxonomy
2.2. Market Definition / Scope / Limitations
3. Market Background
3.1. Market Dynamics
3.1.1. Drivers
3.1.2. Restraints
3.1.3. Opportunity
3.1.4. Trends
3.2. Scenario Forecast
3.2.1. Demand in Optimistic Scenario
3.2.2. Demand in Likely Scenario
3.2.3. Demand in Conservative Scenario
3.3. Opportunity Map Analysis
3.4. Investment Feasibility Matrix
3.5. PESTLE and Porter’s Analysis
3.6. Regulatory Landscape
3.6.1. By Key Regions
3.6.2. By Key Countries
3.7. Regional Parent Market Outlook
4. Global Market Analysis 2018 to 2022 and Forecast, 2023 to 2033
4.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Million) Analysis, 2018 to 2022
4.2. Current and Future Market Size Value (US$ Million) Projections, 2023 to 2033
4.2.1. Y-o-Y Growth Trend Analysis
4.2.2. Absolute $ Opportunity Analysis
5. Global Market Analysis 2018 to 2022 and Forecast 2023 to 2033, By Drug Class
5.1. Introduction / Key Findings
5.2. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Million) Analysis By Drug Class, 2018 to 2022
5.3. Current and Future Market Size Value (US$ Million) Analysis and Forecast By Drug Class, 2023 to 2033
5.3.1. Nivolumab
5.3.2. Pembrolizumab
5.3.3. Atezolizumab
5.3.4. Avelumab
5.3.5. Durvalumab
5.4. Y-o-Y Growth Trend Analysis By Drug Class, 2018 to 2022
5.5. Absolute $ Opportunity Analysis By Drug Class, 2023 to 2033
6. Global Market Analysis 2018 to 2022 and Forecast 2023 to 2033, By Indication
6.1. Introduction / Key Findings
6.2. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Million) Analysis By Indication, 2018 to 2022
6.3. Current and Future Market Size Value (US$ Million) Analysis and Forecast By Indication, 2023 to 2033
6.3.1. Melanoma
6.3.2. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
6.3.3. Renal Cell Carcinoma
6.3.4. Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer
6.3.5. Bladder Cancer
6.3.6. Merkel Cell Carcinoma
6.4. Y-o-Y Growth Trend Analysis By Indication, 2018 to 2022
6.5. Absolute $ Opportunity Analysis By Indication, 2023 to 2033
7. Global Market Analysis 2018 to 2022 and Forecast 2023 to 2033, By Distribution Channel
7.1. Introduction / Key Findings
7.2. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Million) Analysis By Distribution Channel , 2018 to 2022
7.3. Current and Future Market Size Value (US$ Million) Analysis and Forecast By Distribution Channel , 2023 to 2033
7.3.1. Hospital Pharmacies
7.3.2. Retail Pharmacies
7.3.3. Online Pharmacies
7.4. Y-o-Y Growth Trend Analysis By Distribution Channel , 2018 to 2022
7.5. Absolute $ Opportunity Analysis By Distribution Channel , 2023 to 2033
8. Global Market Analysis 2018 to 2022 and Forecast 2023 to 2033, By Region
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Million) Analysis By Region, 2018 to 2022
8.3. Current Market Size Value (US$ Million) Analysis and Forecast By Region, 2023 to 2033
8.3.1. North America
8.3.2. Latin America
8.3.3. Europe
8.3.4. South Asia
8.3.5. East Asia
8.3.6. Oceania
8.3.7. MEA
8.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis By Region
9. North America Market Analysis 2018 to 2022 and Forecast 2023 to 2033, By Country
9.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Million) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2018 to 2022
9.2. Market Size Value (US$ Million) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2023 to 2033
9.2.1. By Country
9.2.1.1. USA
9.2.1.2. Canada
9.2.2. By Drug Class
9.2.3. By Indication
9.2.4. By Distribution Channel
9.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis
9.3.1. By Country
9.3.2. By Drug Class
9.3.3. By Indication
9.3.4. By Distribution Channel
9.4. Key Takeaways
10. Latin America Market Analysis 2018 to 2022 and Forecast 2023 to 2033, By Country
10.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Million) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2018 to 2022
10.2. Market Size Value (US$ Million) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2023 to 2033
10.2.1. By Country
10.2.1.1. Brazil
10.2.1.2. Mexico
10.2.1.3. Rest of Latin America
10.2.2. By Drug Class
10.2.3. By Indication
10.2.4. By Distribution Channel
10.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis
10.3.1. By Country
10.3.2. By Drug Class
10.3.3. By Indication
10.3.4. By Distribution Channel
10.4. Key Takeaways
11. Europe Market Analysis 2018 to 2022 and Forecast 2023 to 2033, By Country
11.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Million) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2018 to 2022
11.2. Market Size Value (US$ Million) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2023 to 2033
11.2.1. By Country
11.2.1.1. Germany
11.2.1.2. United kingdom
11.2.1.3. France
11.2.1.4. Spain
11.2.1.5. Italy
11.2.1.6. Rest of Europe
11.2.2. By Drug Class
11.2.3. By Indication
11.2.4. By Distribution Channel
11.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis
11.3.1. By Country
11.3.2. By Drug Class
11.3.3. By Indication
11.3.4. By Distribution Channel
11.4. Key Takeaways
12. South Asia Market Analysis 2018 to 2022 and Forecast 2023 to 2033, By Country
12.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Million) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2018 to 2022
12.2. Market Size Value (US$ Million) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2023 to 2033
12.2.1. By Country
12.2.1.1. India
12.2.1.2. Malaysia
12.2.1.3. Singapore
12.2.1.4. Thailand
12.2.1.5. Rest of South Asia
12.2.2. By Drug Class
12.2.3. By Indication
12.2.4. By Distribution Channel
12.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis
12.3.1. By Country
12.3.2. By Drug Class
12.3.3. By Indication
12.3.4. By Distribution Channel
12.4. Key Takeaways
13. East Asia Market Analysis 2018 to 2022 and Forecast 2023 to 2033, By Country
13.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Million) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2018 to 2022
13.2. Market Size Value (US$ Million) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2023 to 2033
13.2.1. By Country
13.2.1.1. China
13.2.1.2. Japan
13.2.1.3. South Korea
13.2.2. By Drug Class
13.2.3. By Indication
13.2.4. By Distribution Channel
13.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis
13.3.1. By Country
13.3.2. By Drug Class
13.3.3. By Indication
13.3.4. By Distribution Channel
13.4. Key Takeaways
14. Oceania Market Analysis 2018 to 2022 and Forecast 2023 to 2033, By Country
14.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Million) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2018 to 2022
14.2. Market Size Value (US$ Million) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2023 to 2033
14.2.1. By Country
14.2.1.1. Australia
14.2.1.2. New Zealand
14.2.2. By Drug Class
14.2.3. By Indication
14.2.4. By Distribution Channel
14.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis
14.3.1. By Country
14.3.2. By Drug Class
14.3.3. By Indication
14.3.4. By Distribution Channel
14.4. Key Takeaways
15. MEA Market Analysis 2018 to 2022 and Forecast 2023 to 2033, By Country
15.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Million) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2018 to 2022
15.2. Market Size Value (US$ Million) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2023 to 2033
15.2.1. By Country
15.2.1.1. GCC Countries
15.2.1.2. South Africa
15.2.1.3. Israel
15.2.1.4. Rest of MEA
15.2.2. By Drug Class
15.2.3. By Indication
15.2.4. By Distribution Channel
15.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis
15.3.1. By Country
15.3.2. By Drug Class
15.3.3. By Indication
15.3.4. By Distribution Channel
15.4. Key Takeaways
16. Key Countries Market Analysis
16.1. USA
16.1.1. Pricing Analysis
16.1.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022
16.1.2.1. By Drug Class
16.1.2.2. By Indication
16.1.2.3. By Distribution Channel
16.2. Canada
16.2.1. Pricing Analysis
16.2.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022
16.2.2.1. By Drug Class
16.2.2.2. By Indication
16.2.2.3. By Distribution Channel
16.3. Brazil
16.3.1. Pricing Analysis
16.3.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022
16.3.2.1. By Drug Class
16.3.2.2. By Indication
16.3.2.3. By Distribution Channel
16.4. Mexico
16.4.1. Pricing Analysis
16.4.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022
16.4.2.1. By Drug Class
16.4.2.2. By Indication
16.4.2.3. By Distribution Channel
16.5. Germany
16.5.1. Pricing Analysis
16.5.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022
16.5.2.1. By Drug Class
16.5.2.2. By Indication
16.5.2.3. By Distribution Channel
16.6. United kingdom
16.6.1. Pricing Analysis
16.6.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022
16.6.2.1. By Drug Class
16.6.2.2. By Indication
16.6.2.3. By Distribution Channel
16.7. France
16.7.1. Pricing Analysis
16.7.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022
16.7.2.1. By Drug Class
16.7.2.2. By Indication
16.7.2.3. By Distribution Channel
16.8. Spain
16.8.1. Pricing Analysis
16.8.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022
16.8.2.1. By Drug Class
16.8.2.2. By Indication
16.8.2.3. By Distribution Channel
16.9. Italy
16.9.1. Pricing Analysis
16.9.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022
16.9.2.1. By Drug Class
16.9.2.2. By Indication
16.9.2.3. By Distribution Channel
16.10. India
16.10.1. Pricing Analysis
16.10.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022
16.10.2.1. By Drug Class
16.10.2.2. By Indication
16.10.2.3. By Distribution Channel
16.11. Malaysia
16.11.1. Pricing Analysis
16.11.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022
16.11.2.1. By Drug Class
16.11.2.2. By Indication
16.11.2.3. By Distribution Channel
16.12. Singapore
16.12.1. Pricing Analysis
16.12.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022
16.12.2.1. By Drug Class
16.12.2.2. By Indication
16.12.2.3. By Distribution Channel
16.13. Thailand
16.13.1. Pricing Analysis
16.13.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022
16.13.2.1. By Drug Class
16.13.2.2. By Indication
16.13.2.3. By Distribution Channel
16.14. China
16.14.1. Pricing Analysis
16.14.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022
16.14.2.1. By Drug Class
16.14.2.2. By Indication
16.14.2.3. By Distribution Channel
16.15. Japan
16.15.1. Pricing Analysis
16.15.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022
16.15.2.1. By Drug Class
16.15.2.2. By Indication
16.15.2.3. By Distribution Channel
16.16. South Korea
16.16.1. Pricing Analysis
16.16.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022
16.16.2.1. By Drug Class
16.16.2.2. By Indication
16.16.2.3. By Distribution Channel
16.17. Australia
16.17.1. Pricing Analysis
16.17.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022
16.17.2.1. By Drug Class
16.17.2.2. By Indication
16.17.2.3. By Distribution Channel
16.18. New Zealand
16.18.1. Pricing Analysis
16.18.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022
16.18.2.1. By Drug Class
16.18.2.2. By Indication
16.18.2.3. By Distribution Channel
16.19. GCC Countries
16.19.1. Pricing Analysis
16.19.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022
16.19.2.1. By Drug Class
16.19.2.2. By Indication
16.19.2.3. By Distribution Channel
16.20. South Africa
16.20.1. Pricing Analysis
16.20.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022
16.20.2.1. By Drug Class
16.20.2.2. By Indication
16.20.2.3. By Distribution Channel
16.21. Israel
16.21.1. Pricing Analysis
16.21.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022
16.21.2.1. By Drug Class
16.21.2.2. By Indication
16.21.2.3. By Distribution Channel
17. Market Structure Analysis
17.1. Competition Dashboard
17.2. Competition Benchmarking
17.3. Market Share Analysis of Top Players
17.3.1. By Regional
17.3.2. By Drug Class
17.3.3. By Indication
17.3.4. By Distribution Channel
18. Competition Analysis
18.1. Competition Deep Dive
18.1.1. Merck Co. & Inc.
18.1.1.1. Overview
18.1.1.2. Product Portfolio
18.1.1.3. Profitability by Market Segments
18.1.1.4. Sales Footprint
18.1.1.5. Strategy Overview
18.1.1.5.1. Marketing Strategy
18.1.2. Bristol-Myers Squibb
18.1.2.1. Overview
18.1.2.2. Product Portfolio
18.1.2.3. Profitability by Market Segments
18.1.2.4. Sales Footprint
18.1.2.5. Strategy Overview
18.1.2.5.1. Marketing Strategy
18.1.3. F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG
18.1.3.1. Overview
18.1.3.2. Product Portfolio
18.1.3.3. Profitability by Market Segments
18.1.3.4. Sales Footprint
18.1.3.5. Strategy Overview
18.1.3.5.1. Marketing Strategy
18.1.4. AstraZeneca Plc.
18.1.4.1. Overview
18.1.4.2. Product Portfolio
18.1.4.3. Profitability by Market Segments
18.1.4.4. Sales Footprint
18.1.4.5. Strategy Overview
18.1.4.5.1. Marketing Strategy
18.1.5. Pfizer Inc.
18.1.5.1. Overview
18.1.5.2. Product Portfolio
18.1.5.3. Profitability by Market Segments
18.1.5.4. Sales Footprint
18.1.5.5. Strategy Overview
18.1.5.5.1. Marketing Strategy
18.1.6. Merck KGaA
18.1.6.1. Overview
18.1.6.2. Product Portfolio
18.1.6.3. Profitability by Market Segments
18.1.6.4. Sales Footprint
18.1.6.5. Strategy Overview
18.1.6.5.1. Marketing Strategy
18.1.7. Sanofi AG
18.1.7.1. Overview
18.1.7.2. Product Portfolio
18.1.7.3. Profitability by Market Segments
18.1.7.4. Sales Footprint
18.1.7.5. Strategy Overview
18.1.7.5.1. Marketing Strategy
18.1.8. Amgen Inc.
18.1.8.1. Overview
18.1.8.2. Product Portfolio
18.1.8.3. Profitability by Market Segments
18.1.8.4. Sales Footprint
18.1.8.5. Strategy Overview
18.1.8.5.1. Marketing Strategy
18.1.9. Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc.
18.1.9.1. Overview
18.1.9.2. Product Portfolio
18.1.9.3. Profitability by Market Segments
18.1.9.4. Sales Footprint
18.1.9.5. Strategy Overview
18.1.9.5.1. Marketing Strategy
18.1.10. Novartis AG
18.1.10.1. Overview
18.1.10.2. Product Portfolio
18.1.10.3. Profitability by Market Segments
18.1.10.4. Sales Footprint
18.1.10.5. Strategy Overview
18.1.10.5.1. Marketing Strategy
19. Assumptions & Acronyms Used
20. Research Methodology
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PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Market
