[250 Pages Report] The Automotive Composite Leaf Springs Market was valued at around US$ 71.6 Million in 2021. With a projected CAGR of 6.1% for the next ten years, the market is likely to reach a valuation of nearly US$ 138 Million by the end of 2032.
While there has been exponential growth in the number of automobiles worldwide, the manufacturers of automotive composite leaf springs are also making investments toward making the product cost-effective and reliable.
| Report Attributes | Details |
|---|---|
| Automotive Composite Leaf Springs Market Size (2021A) | US$ 71.6 Million |
| Estimated Market Value (2022E) | US$ 76.6 Million |
| Forecasted Market Value (2032F) | US$ 138 Million |
| Global Market Growth Rate (2022 to 2032) | 6.1% CAGR |
| North America Market Size (2021) | 41.4% |
| United States Growth Rate (2022 to 2032) | 5.3% CAGR |
| Key Companies Covered |
|
Future Market Insights’ analysis reveals that in 2022 revenue through Composite Leaf Spring is estimated at US$ 76.6 Million. The leaf springs are used in pairs mounted longitudinally for most of the vehicles in past. However, there is an increasing number of vehicle manufacturers using single transverse-mounted leaf springs in order to reduce the cost of manufacturing the product and increase the efficiency of the vehicle.
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The global market for Automotive Composite Leaf Springs expanded at a CAGR of 7% during 2017 - 2021. The steel leaf spring is one of the potential items for weight reduction in automobiles as it accounts for 10% - 20% of the unsprung weight prompting manufacturers to shift.
The composite leaf springs offer better efficiency and comfort in automobiles. Hence the sale of composite Leaf Spring will continue to increase due to the shift in the manufacturing of Automotive Leaf Spring.
The global Automotive Composite Leaf Springs Market is predicted to surge ahead at a CAGR of 6.1%. The USA will continue to be the largest user of Composite Leaf Spring throughout the analysis period accounting for a US$ 46.8 Million absolute dollar opportunity in the coming 10-year period.
The endurance of the composite leaf spring is much higher than the steel spring. The composite leaf spring is found to have 67.4% lesser stress, 64.9% higher stiffness, and 126.9% higher natural frequency than the existing steel leaf spring.
This puts the composite leaf spring way ahead of its substitutes in terms of reliability. A weight reduction of 68.2% is also achieved by using a composite leaf spring. Thus increasing the efficiency of automobiles, especially heavy commercial vehicles.
Composites are more brittle than metals and thus are more easily damaged. The cost of manufacturing the composite is high and needs complex procedures to make, which is reflected in the retail price of the composite leaf spring. Hence consumers have to brace themselves for the initial high cost which discourages potential consumers, hampering the growth of the Composite Leaf Springs Market.
Replacement of Leaf Springs is one of the factors for the revenue growth of the composite leaf springs. After 200 thousand miles, the Leaf Springs start to crack and need urgent replacement. The composite material is not reusable puts a further cost on consumers hampering revenue growth of the Composite Leaf Springs Market.
Composite materials unlike wrought metals require refrigerated transport and storage and it has a limited shelf life of about 6 months. Hence creating a supply chain for the composite product has huge costs associated with it. This challenge could be tackled by promoting local vendors, which will help reach the product worldwide and increase the revenue of composite leaf springs by reducing the cost incurred while transportation.
Principal Consultant
The steel Leaf Spring can be successfully replaced by composite materials for weight reduction, improved strength, and improved ride comfort without any modifications to the existing attachment to the vehicle.
Composite leaf springs have a 48% bending stress than ordinary leaf springs. In comparison to a conventional steel leaf spring, the failure duration is extended by 52%. In a traditional steel leaf spring, the strain energy storage is 14% higher. Also, its lifetime is much higher. As a result, composite Leaf Spring is more effective than traditional leaf springs and can be used as a substitute for them.
Different reinforcing fiber materials are available such as E-glass, A-glass, and S+R glass for strengthening the composite structures. Out of these materials, E-glass fiber gives better results with a nominal cost of about US$ 1.3-2 per kg. Therefore, it is considered by the manufacturer as a composite material for leaf springs.
Automotive composite leaf springs revenue in North America is estimated at US$ 31.7 Million in 2022. North America is a significant automobile production hub, which makes it the largest market for automotive composite leaf springs.
The automotive industry provides roughly 3% of the GDP in the USA. In addition, technical improvements of the new composites, such as carbon fiber composite are further augmenting the market growth. The continued progress in composite material happens to maintain competitiveness against traditional metals and plastics in North America.
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United States of America is expected to account for a US$ 19 Million absolute dollar opportunity. The market in the country will account for 33.9% of the global Automotive Composite Leaf Springs Market share in the coming decade.
The Automotive Composite Leaf Springs Market in the country is poised to grow at a CAGR of 5.3% in the next 10 years. The USA has the highest vehicle ownership per capita in the world, with around 800 vehicles in operation per 1000 people in 2020. This prompts huge demand for composite leaf springs in the USA.
The market for composite leaf springs is dominated by the transversal category, with a CAGR of 5.9% during 2022 - 2032. Around 6.8% CAGR was achieved between 2017 and 2021. In most cases, leaf springs are used in pairs mounted longitudinally (front and back).
However, there is an increasing number of vehicle manufacturers using single transverse-mounted leaf springs. A transverse leaf spring made of composite materials offers weight reduction as well as a reduced number of elements.
For transverse leaf springs, conventional steel elements such as antiroll bar 26 mounts and links, coil springs, and two control arms are eliminated. In addition, the damping of composite structures leads to reduced transmission of vibration noise to adjacent structures making it more reliable than longitudinal leaf springs.
The Light Commercial Vehicle Dominates the Composite Leaf Springs Market. The market through this category is projected to witness a 5.8% CAGR during the next decade. Leaf springs give a significant amount of support between the vehicle's wheels, axles, and chassis due to the sheer number of composite layers.
The fatigue life of the composite leaf springs increased from 50 thousand times to more than 540 thousand times, while its stiffness was not degraded, which is one of the key factors for its extensive use in light commercial vehicles.
Also because of their close-meshed structure, they can absorb massive vertical stresses, which is why they are mostly utilized in light commercial vehicles. The vertical loading is also dispersed along the length of the leaf spring, rather than abruptly through a small spring and damper, which could result in a concentrated force that is too strong for the suspension.
At present, Automotive Composite Leaf Spring manufacturers are largely aiming at product innovation and commercialization. Also focusing on strategic mergers for better brand recognition.
The key companies operating in the Automotive Composite Leaf Springs Market include Benteler SGL, Hendrickson International, HyperCo, IFC Composite GmbH, LiteFlex, LLC, Mubea Fahrwerkstechnologien GmbH, ARC Suspension, FLEX-FORM, Heathcote Industrial Plastics, Hendrickson Holding LLC, KraussMaffei, Jamna Auto Industries Ltd, Standens, NHK Spring, Mitsubishi Steel, Owen Spring, Beijer Alma, Fangda, Dongfeng, Rassini International.
Some of the recent developments by key providers of the Automotive Composite Leaf Springs Market are as follows:
Similarly, recent developments related to companies manufacturing Automotive Composite Leaf Springs have been tracked by the team at Future Market Insights, which is available in the full report.
The global Automotive Composite Leaf Springs Market was valued at US$ 71.6 Million in 2021.
The Automotive Composite Leaf Springs Market is set to witness a growth rate of 6.1% over the forecast period and be valued at US$ 138 Million by 2032.
The Automotive Composite Leaf Springs Market expanded at 6.1% from 2017 through 2021.
ARC Suspension, FLEX-FORM, Heathcote Industrial Plastics, Hendrickson Holding LLC, and KraussMaffei are the key companies in the Automotive Composite Leaf Springs Market.
United States, United Kingdom, China, Japan, and South Korea are expected to drive the most sales growth of Automotive Composite Leaf Spring.
The Automotive Composite Leaf Springs Market in China is projected to witness a CAGR of 5.1% from 2022 to 2032.
1. Executive Summary | Automotive Composite Leaf Springs Market
1.1. Global Market Outlook
1.2. Demand-side Trends
1.3. Supply-side Trends
1.4. Technology Roadmap Analysis
1.5. Analysis and Recommendations
2. Market Overview
2.1. Market Coverage / Taxonomy
2.2. Market Definition / Scope / Limitations
3. Market Background
3.1. Market Dynamics
3.1.1. Drivers
3.1.2. Restraints
3.1.3. Opportunity
3.1.4. Trends
3.2. Scenario Forecast
3.2.1. Demand in Optimistic Scenario
3.2.2. Demand in Likely Scenario
3.2.3. Demand in Conservative Scenario
3.3. Opportunity Map Analysis
3.4. Investment Feasibility Matrix
3.5. PESTLE and Porter’s Analysis
3.6. Regulatory Landscape
3.6.1. By Key Regions
3.6.2. By Key Countries
3.7. Regional Parent Market Outlook
4. Global Market Analysis 2017 to 2021 and Forecast, 2022 to 2032
4.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Billion) Analysis, 2017 to 2021
4.2. Current and Future Market Size Value (US$ Billion) Projections, 2022 to 2032
4.2.1. Y-o-Y Growth Trend Analysis
4.2.2. Absolute $ Opportunity Analysis
5. Global Market Analysis 2017 to 2021 and Forecast 2022 to 2032, By Installation Type
5.1. Introduction / Key Findings
5.2. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Billion) Analysis By Installation Type, 2017 to 2021
5.3. Current and Future Market Size Value (US$ Billion) Analysis and Forecast By Installation Type, 2022 to 2032
5.3.1. Transversal
5.3.2. Longitudinal
5.4. Y-o-Y Growth Trend Analysis By Installation Type, 2017 to 2021
5.5. Absolute $ Opportunity Analysis By Installation Type, 2022 to 2032
6. Global Market Analysis 2017 to 2021 and Forecast 2022 to 2032, By Process Type
6.1. Introduction / Key Findings
6.2. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Billion) Analysis By Process Type, 2017 to 2021
6.3. Current and Future Market Size Value (US$ Billion) Analysis and Forecast By Process Type, 2022 to 2032
6.3.1. High-Pressure Resin Transfer Molding Process
6.3.2. Prepreg Layup Process
6.3.3. Others
6.4. Y-o-Y Growth Trend Analysis By Process Type, 2017 to 2021
6.5. Absolute $ Opportunity Analysis By Process Type, 2022 to 2032
7. Global Market Analysis 2017 to 2021 and Forecast 2022 to 2032, By Location Type
7.1. Introduction / Key Findings
7.2. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Billion) Analysis By Location Type, 2017 to 2021
7.3. Current and Future Market Size Value (US$ Billion) Analysis and Forecast By Location Type, 2022 to 2032
7.3.1. Front Leaf Spring
7.3.2. Rear Leaf Spring
7.4. Y-o-Y Growth Trend Analysis By Location Type, 2017 to 2021
7.5. Absolute $ Opportunity Analysis By Location Type, 2022 to 2032
8. Global Market Analysis 2017 to 2021 and Forecast 2022 to 2032, By Vehicle Type
8.1. Introduction / Key Findings
8.2. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Billion) Analysis By Vehicle Type, 2017 to 2021
8.3. Current and Future Market Size Value (US$ Billion) Analysis and Forecast By Vehicle Type, 2022 to 2032
8.3.1. Passenger Car
8.3.2. Light Commercial Vehicle
8.3.3. Medium And Heavy Duty Vehicles
8.4. Y-o-Y Growth Trend Analysis By Vehicle Type, 2017 to 2021
8.5. Absolute $ Opportunity Analysis By Vehicle Type, 2022 to 2032
9. Global Market Analysis 2017 to 2021 and Forecast 2022 to 2032, By Region
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Billion) Analysis By Region, 2017 to 2021
9.3. Current Market Size Value (US$ Billion) Analysis and Forecast By Region, 2022 to 2032
9.3.1. North America
9.3.2. Latin America
9.3.3. Europe
9.3.4. Asia Pacific
9.3.5. Middle East and Africa (MEA)
9.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis By Region
10. North America Market Analysis 2017 to 2021 and Forecast 2022 to 2032, By Country
10.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Billion) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2017 to 2021
10.2. Market Size Value (US$ Billion) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022 to 2032
10.2.1. By Country
10.2.1.1. United Kingdom
10.2.1.2. Canada
10.2.2. By Installation Type
10.2.3. By Process Type
10.2.4. By Location Type
10.2.5. By Vehicle Type
10.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis
10.3.1. By Country
10.3.2. By Installation Type
10.3.3. By Process Type
10.3.4. By Location Type
10.3.5. By Vehicle Type
10.4. Key Takeaways
11. Latin America Market Analysis 2017 to 2021 and Forecast 2022 to 2032, By Country
11.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Billion) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2017 to 2021
11.2. Market Size Value (US$ Billion) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022 to 2032
11.2.1. By Country
11.2.1.1. Brazil
11.2.1.2. Mexico
11.2.1.3. Rest of Latin America
11.2.2. By Installation Type
11.2.3. By Process Type
11.2.4. By Location Type
11.2.5. By Vehicle Type
11.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis
11.3.1. By Country
11.3.2. By Installation Type
11.3.3. By Process Type
11.3.4. By Location Type
11.3.5. By Vehicle Type
11.4. Key Takeaways
12. Europe Market Analysis 2017 to 2021 and Forecast 2022 to 2032, By Country
12.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Billion) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2017 to 2021
12.2. Market Size Value (US$ Billion) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022 to 2032
12.2.1. By Country
12.2.1.1. Germany
12.2.1.2. United Kingdom
12.2.1.3. France
12.2.1.4. Spain
12.2.1.5. Italy
12.2.1.6. Rest of Europe
12.2.2. By Installation Type
12.2.3. By Process Type
12.2.4. By Location Type
12.2.5. By Vehicle Type
12.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis
12.3.1. By Country
12.3.2. By Installation Type
12.3.3. By Process Type
12.3.4. By Location Type
12.3.5. By Vehicle Type
12.4. Key Takeaways
13. Asia Pacific Market Analysis 2017 to 2021 and Forecast 2022 to 2032, By Country
13.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Billion) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2017 to 2021
13.2. Market Size Value (US$ Billion) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022 to 2032
13.2.1. By Country
13.2.1.1. China
13.2.1.2. Japan
13.2.1.3. South Korea
13.2.1.4. Malaysia
13.2.1.5. Singapore
13.2.1.6. Australia
13.2.1.7. Rest of Asia Pacific
13.2.2. By Installation Type
13.2.3. By Process Type
13.2.4. By Location Type
13.2.5. By Vehicle Type
13.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis
13.3.1. By Country
13.3.2. By Installation Type
13.3.3. By Process Type
13.3.4. By Location Type
13.3.5. By Vehicle Type
13.4. Key Takeaways
14. MEA Market Analysis 2017 to 2021 and Forecast 2022 to 2032, By Country
14.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Billion) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2017 to 2021
14.2. Market Size Value (US$ Billion) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022 to 2032
14.2.1. By Country
14.2.1.1. GCC Countries
14.2.1.2. South Africa
14.2.1.3. Israel
14.2.1.4. Rest of MEA
14.2.2. By Installation Type
14.2.3. By Process Type
14.2.4. By Location Type
14.2.5. By Vehicle Type
14.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis
14.3.1. By Country
14.3.2. By Installation Type
14.3.3. By Process Type
14.3.4. By Location Type
14.3.5. By Vehicle Type
14.4. Key Takeaways
15. Key Countries Market Analysis
15.1. United Kingdom
15.1.1. Pricing Analysis
15.1.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021
15.1.2.1. By Installation Type
15.1.2.2. By Process Type
15.1.2.3. By Location Type
15.1.2.4. By Vehicle Type
15.2. Canada
15.2.1. Pricing Analysis
15.2.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021
15.2.2.1. By Installation Type
15.2.2.2. By Process Type
15.2.2.3. By Location Type
15.2.2.4. By Vehicle Type
15.3. Brazil
15.3.1. Pricing Analysis
15.3.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021
15.3.2.1. By Installation Type
15.3.2.2. By Process Type
15.3.2.3. By Location Type
15.3.2.4. By Vehicle Type
15.4. Mexico
15.4.1. Pricing Analysis
15.4.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021
15.4.2.1. By Installation Type
15.4.2.2. By Process Type
15.4.2.3. By Location Type
15.4.2.4. By Vehicle Type
15.5. Rest of Latin America
15.5.1. Pricing Analysis
15.5.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021
15.5.2.1. By Installation Type
15.5.2.2. By Process Type
15.5.2.3. By Location Type
15.5.2.4. By Vehicle Type
15.6. Germany
15.6.1. Pricing Analysis
15.6.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021
15.6.2.1. By Installation Type
15.6.2.2. By Process Type
15.6.2.3. By Location Type
15.6.2.4. By Vehicle Type
15.7. United Kingdom
15.7.1. Pricing Analysis
15.7.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021
15.7.2.1. By Installation Type
15.7.2.2. By Process Type
15.7.2.3. By Location Type
15.7.2.4. By Vehicle Type
15.8. France
15.8.1. Pricing Analysis
15.8.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021
15.8.2.1. By Installation Type
15.8.2.2. By Process Type
15.8.2.3. By Location Type
15.8.2.4. By Vehicle Type
15.9. Spain
15.9.1. Pricing Analysis
15.9.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021
15.9.2.1. By Installation Type
15.9.2.2. By Process Type
15.9.2.3. By Location Type
15.9.2.4. By Vehicle Type
15.10. Italy
15.10.1. Pricing Analysis
15.10.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021
15.10.2.1. By Installation Type
15.10.2.2. By Process Type
15.10.2.3. By Location Type
15.10.2.4. By Vehicle Type
15.11. Rest of Europe
15.11.1. Pricing Analysis
15.11.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021
15.11.2.1. By Installation Type
15.11.2.2. By Process Type
15.11.2.3. By Location Type
15.11.2.4. By Vehicle Type
15.12. China
15.12.1. Pricing Analysis
15.12.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021
15.12.2.1. By Installation Type
15.12.2.2. By Process Type
15.12.2.3. By Location Type
15.12.2.4. By Vehicle Type
15.13. Japan
15.13.1. Pricing Analysis
15.13.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021
15.13.2.1. By Installation Type
15.13.2.2. By Process Type
15.13.2.3. By Location Type
15.13.2.4. By Vehicle Type
15.14. South Korea
15.14.1. Pricing Analysis
15.14.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021
15.14.2.1. By Installation Type
15.14.2.2. By Process Type
15.14.2.3. By Location Type
15.14.2.4. By Vehicle Type
15.15. Malaysia
15.15.1. Pricing Analysis
15.15.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021
15.15.2.1. By Installation Type
15.15.2.2. By Process Type
15.15.2.3. By Location Type
15.15.2.4. By Vehicle Type
15.16. Singapore
15.16.1. Pricing Analysis
15.16.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021
15.16.2.1. By Installation Type
15.16.2.2. By Process Type
15.16.2.3. By Location Type
15.16.2.4. By Vehicle Type
15.17. Australia
15.17.1. Pricing Analysis
15.17.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021
15.17.2.1. By Installation Type
15.17.2.2. By Process Type
15.17.2.3. By Location Type
15.17.2.4. By Vehicle Type
15.18. Rest of Asia Pacific
15.18.1. Pricing Analysis
15.18.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021
15.18.2.1. By Installation Type
15.18.2.2. By Process Type
15.18.2.3. By Location Type
15.18.2.4. By Vehicle Type
15.19. GCC Countries
15.19.1. Pricing Analysis
15.19.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021
15.19.2.1. By Installation Type
15.19.2.2. By Process Type
15.19.2.3. By Location Type
15.19.2.4. By Vehicle Type
15.20. South Africa
15.20.1. Pricing Analysis
15.20.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021
15.20.2.1. By Installation Type
15.20.2.2. By Process Type
15.20.2.3. By Location Type
15.20.2.4. By Vehicle Type
15.21. Israel
15.21.1. Pricing Analysis
15.21.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021
15.21.2.1. By Installation Type
15.21.2.2. By Process Type
15.21.2.3. By Location Type
15.21.2.4. By Vehicle Type
15.22. Rest of MEA
15.22.1. Pricing Analysis
15.22.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021
15.22.2.1. By Installation Type
15.22.2.2. By Process Type
15.22.2.3. By Location Type
15.22.2.4. By Vehicle Type
16. Market Structure Analysis
16.1. Competition Dashboard
16.2. Competition Benchmarking
16.3. Market Share Analysis of Top Players
16.3.1. By Regional
16.3.2. By Installation Type
16.3.3. By Process Type
16.3.4. By Location Type
16.3.5. By Vehicle Type
17. Competition Analysis
17.1. Competition Deep Dive
17.1.1. ARC Suspension
17.1.1.1. Overview
17.1.1.2. Product Portfolio
17.1.1.3. Profitability by Market Segments
17.1.1.4. Sales Footprint
17.1.1.5. Strategy Overview
17.1.1.5.1. Marketing Strategy
17.1.2. FLEX-FORM
17.1.2.1. Overview
17.1.2.2. Product Portfolio
17.1.2.3. Profitability by Market Segments
17.1.2.4. Sales Footprint
17.1.2.5. Strategy Overview
17.1.2.5.1. Marketing Strategy
17.1.3. Heathcote Industrial Plastics
17.1.3.1. Overview
17.1.3.2. Product Portfolio
17.1.3.3. Profitability by Market Segments
17.1.3.4. Sales Footprint
17.1.3.5. Strategy Overview
17.1.3.5.1. Marketing Strategy
17.1.4. Hendrickson Holding LLC
17.1.4.1. Overview
17.1.4.2. Product Portfolio
17.1.4.3. Profitability by Market Segments
17.1.4.4. Sales Footprint
17.1.4.5. Strategy Overview
17.1.4.5.1. Marketing Strategy
17.1.5. KraussMaffei
17.1.5.1. Overview
17.1.5.2. Product Portfolio
17.1.5.3. Profitability by Market Segments
17.1.5.4. Sales Footprint
17.1.5.5. Strategy Overview
17.1.5.5.1. Marketing Strategy
17.1.6. M.W. Industries
17.1.6.1. Overview
17.1.6.2. Product Portfolio
17.1.6.3. Profitability by Market Segments
17.1.6.4. Sales Footprint
17.1.6.5. Strategy Overview
17.1.6.5.1. Marketing Strategy
17.1.7. MUBEA
17.1.7.1. Overview
17.1.7.2. Product Portfolio
17.1.7.3. Profitability by Market Segments
17.1.7.4. Sales Footprint
17.1.7.5. Strategy Overview
17.1.7.5.1. Marketing Strategy
17.1.8. OlgunCelik
17.1.8.1. Overview
17.1.8.2. Product Portfolio
17.1.8.3. Profitability by Market Segments
17.1.8.4. Sales Footprint
17.1.8.5. Strategy Overview
17.1.8.5.1. Marketing Strategy
17.1.9. SGL Carbon
17.1.9.1. Overview
17.1.9.2. Product Portfolio
17.1.9.3. Profitability by Market Segments
17.1.9.4. Sales Footprint
17.1.9.5. Strategy Overview
17.1.9.5.1. Marketing Strategy
17.1.10. Arup
17.1.10.1. Overview
17.1.10.2. Product Portfolio
17.1.10.3. Profitability by Market Segments
17.1.10.4. Sales Footprint
17.1.10.5. Strategy Overview
17.1.10.5.1. Marketing Strategy
18. Assumptions & Acronyms Used
19. Research Methodology
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Automotive Composite Leaf Springs Market
